MacOS环境配置 · 红枫吟

最近实在没忍住，以 2944 的价格入手了一台 mac mini m4 丐版，而我之前一直使用的是一台2019年 Intel 芯片的 macbook pro，因为刚开始使用，开发环境还没配置好，所以还没感觉到明显地提升，但至少我的桌面倒是干净了不少。

此次入手 mac mini 后我使用 迁移助理 对旧数据进行迁移，不幸的是，由于是 Intel 迁移至 Apple Silicon，所以出现了各种各样的问题，尤其是 Bad CPU type in executable 错误，导致 git、python等二进制文件全部不可用，最后只能重置系统并重头开始配置(注：重置系统只需要到 设置 -> 通用 -> 传输与还原 -> 抹掉所有内容和设置，不用长按开机键进入选项抹掉磁盘)

设置

App Store

因为我一般都是美区ID+国区商店，所以打开 App Store，在左上方的菜单栏中找到 商店 -> 退出登录，并登入国区ID

终端

我还是习惯使用 bash

1chsh -s /bin/bash

并且有使用了十多年的PS1配置

1git_status() {
2    cmd=`git branch 2> /dev/null | sed -e '/^[^*]/d' -e 's/[(（]//' -e 's/[）)]//'  -e 's/* \(.*\)/(\1)/'`
3    echo -en "\033[32m$cmd\033[0m"
4}
5proxy_status() {
6    [[ -z "${http_proxy}" ]] || echo -en "\033[32m[PROXY]\033[0m"
7}
8PS1="\$(proxy_status)\[\e[0;37m\]\342\224\214\342\224\200 \[[\e[0;33m\]\u\[\e[0;37m\]]\342\224\200[\[\e[1;33m\]\w\[\e[0;37m\]]\$(git_status)\n\[\e[0;37m\]\342\224\224\342\224\200\342\224\200\342\225\274\[\e[0m\] "

如果 ~/.bashrc 不生效，需要添加文件 ~/.bash_profile

1if [ -r $HOME/.bashrc ]; then
2    source $HOME/.bashrc
3fi

必备软件

微信、QQ、QQ音乐、网易云音乐、Localsend等软件可以在商店里直接下载

homebrew

这应该是每个Mac用户的必备软件了吧

1/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"

如果安装速度太慢或是下载部分内容时完全卡住，可以先行安装科学上网工具

然后添加以下内容到 ~/.bashrc

1export PATH=/opt/homebrew/bin:$PATH
2
3if which brew > /dev/null;then
4    export HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE=true
5    # export HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALLED_DEPENDENTS_CHECK=true
6    # export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles
7    # export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles
8    eval "$(brew shellenv)"
9fi

betterdisplay

由于我使用的是一个2K显示器，所以需要开启HIDPI

1brew install --cask betterdisplay

clash-verge-rev

如果之前是通过dmg文件安装的，需要先卸载，然后重新使用brew安装，方便升级和管理

1brew install --cask clash-verge-rev

folo

RSS信息聚合阅读器

1brew install --cask folo

google-chrome

1brew install --cask google-chrome

如果在登陆账号时总是提示请求取消，并且登陆失败，开启全局代理即可

yabai

macos端的平铺窗口管理

1brew install koekeishiya/formulae/yabai
2yabai --start-service

hammerspoon

主要用于搭配 yabai 使用

1brew install --cask hammerspoon

我的配置在 https://github.com/honmaple/dotfiles/tree/master/macos

Localsend

一个内网文件传输工具，可以在商店直接下载，或者使用

1brew install --cask localsend

inkscape

一个矢量图绘制软件

1brew install --cask inkscape

wireshark

抓包工具

1brew install --cask wireshark

字体

终端字体
```
1brew install --cask font-maple-mono-nf
```

其它

1brew install rg
2brew install tree htop
3brew install --cask visual-studio-code

域名扫描 https://github.com/brandonyoungdev/tldx

1brew install tldx

使用方式

1tldx -r 'lib[a-z]{2}' -t com,me,io --only-available

开发软件

Emacs

emacs永存，虽然我是邪恶的evil用户

1brew install --cask railwaycat/emacsmacport/emacs-mac

quelpa 依赖
```
1brew install gnu-tar
```
toml 格式化工具
```
1brew install taplo
```

Docker

1brew install --cask docker

Ruby

~/.bashrc配置

1export GEM_HOME=$HOME/repo/ruby/gem
2export GEM_PATH=$HOME/repo/ruby/gem
3export GEM_SPEC_CACHE=$HOME/repo/ruby/gem/specs
4export PATH=$GEM_HOME/bin:$PATH

Python

1brew install pyenv pyenv-virtualenv

~/.bashrc配置

1if which pyenv > /dev/null;then
2    export PYENV_ROOT=$HOME/repo/python/pyenv
3    export PATH=$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH
4    eval "$(pyenv init -)";
5fi
6
7if which pyenv-virtualenv-init > /dev/null; then
8    eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)";
9fi

1export PYTHONUSERBASE=$HOME/repo/python
2export PYTHONHISTFILE=$HOME/repo/python/history
3export PATH=$HOME/repo/python/bin:$PATH

开发依赖:

1python3 -m pip install --user python-lsp-server
2python3 -m pip install --user python-lsp-ruff

Golang

1brew install go

~/.bashrc配置

1export GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,direct
2export GOPATH=$HOME/repo/golang
3export PATH=$HOME/repo/golang/bin:$PATH

开发依赖:

1go install golang.org/x/tools/gopls@latest
2go install honnef.co/go/tools/cmd/staticcheck@latest
3
4go install golang.org/x/mobile/cmd/gomobile@latest
5gomobile init

Protobuf

1brew install protobuf bufbuild/buf/buf

1go install google.golang.org/protobuf/cmd/protoc-gen-go@latest
2go install google.golang.org/grpc/cmd/protoc-gen-go-grpc@latest
3go install github.com/favadi/protoc-go-inject-tag@latest
4go install github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2/protoc-gen-grpc-gateway@latest
5go install github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2/protoc-gen-openapiv2@latest

Dart

1dart --disable-analytics
2dart pub global activate protoc_plugin 21.1.2

Android

1brew install --cask android-studio

然后打开 android-studio, 并配置 HTTP手动代理，设置sdk目录为 $HOME/repo/android/sdk，设置完成后到达 Welcome to Android Studio 界面，点击 More Actions -> SDK Manager

SDK Platforms: 勾选 Android 12.0
SDK Tools: 勾选 NDK(Side by side) 和 Android SDK Command-line Tools (latest)

~/.bashrc配置

1export ANDROID_HOME=$HOME/repo/android/sdk
2export NDK_HOME="$ANDROID_HOME/ndk/26.2.11394342"
3export JAVA_HOME='/Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents/jbr/Contents/Home'
4export PATH=$ANDROID_HOME/platform-tools:$PATH

Flutter

下载 flutter_macos_arm64_3.29.3-stable.zip 并解压到 ~/repo

1unzip ~/Downloads/flutter_macos_arm64_3.29.3-stable.zip-d ~/repo/

安装 rosetta

1sudo softwareupdate --install-rosetta --agree-to-license

安装 cocoapods

1export GEM_HOME=$HOME/repo/ruby/gem
2export PATH=$GEM_HOME/bin:$PATH
3
4gem install cocoapods --user-install -V

因为系统内置的ruby版本是 2.6.10，这导致 cocoapods 的部分依赖无法安装，并出现类似下面的错误

1ERROR:  Error installing cocoapods:
2    The last version of securerandom (>= 0.3) to support your Ruby & RubyGems was 0.3.2. Try installing it with `gem install securerandom -v 0.3.2` and then running the current command again
3    securerandom requires Ruby version >= 3.1.0. The current ruby version is 2.6.10.210.

本来还想按照提示处理，但处理完一个又来一个，处理完一个又来一个，太过麻烦。还有一种方法是安装新版本的ruby

1brew install ruby

然后使用新版本ruby的gem安装 cocoapods

1/opt/homebrew/Cellar/ruby/3.4.3/bin/gem install cocoapods -V

这时使用 flutter doctor 会出现下面错误

1[!] Xcode - develop for iOS and macOS (Xcode 16.3)
2    ✗ CocoaPods installed but not working.
3        You appear to have CocoaPods installed but it is not working.
4        This can happen if the version of Ruby that CocoaPods was installed with is different from the one being used to invoke it.
5        This can usually be fixed by re-installing CocoaPods.
6      For re-installation instructions, see https://guides.cocoapods.org/using/getting-started.html#installation
7[✓] Chrome - develop for the web

通过使用 pod --version 查看

 1/opt/homebrew/Cellar/ruby/3.4.3/lib/ruby/3.4.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1421:in 'block in Gem::Specification#activate_dependencies': Could not find 'nkf' (>= 0) among 100 total gem(s) (Gem::MissingSpecError)
 2Checked in 'GEM_PATH=/Users/xxxx/repo/ruby/gem' at: /Users/xxxx/repo/ruby/gem/specifications/CFPropertyList-3.0.7.gemspec, execute `gem env` for more information
 3    from /opt/homebrew/Cellar/ruby/3.4.3/lib/ruby/3.4.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1407:in 'Array#each'
 4    from /opt/homebrew/Cellar/ruby/3.4.3/lib/ruby/3.4.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1407:in 'Gem::Specification#activate_dependencies'
 5    from /opt/homebrew/Cellar/ruby/3.4.3/lib/ruby/3.4.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1389:in 'Gem::Specification#activate'
 6    from /opt/homebrew/Cellar/ruby/3.4.3/lib/ruby/3.4.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1423:in 'block in Gem::Specification#activate_dependencies'
 7    from /opt/homebrew/Cellar/ruby/3.4.3/lib/ruby/3.4.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1407:in 'Array#each'
 8    from /opt/homebrew/Cellar/ruby/3.4.3/lib/ruby/3.4.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1407:in 'Gem::Specification#activate_dependencies'
 9    from /opt/homebrew/Cellar/ruby/3.4.3/lib/ruby/3.4.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1389:in 'Gem::Specification#activate'
10    from /opt/homebrew/Cellar/ruby/3.4.3/lib/ruby/3.4.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1423:in 'block in Gem::Specification#activate_dependencies'
11    from /opt/homebrew/Cellar/ruby/3.4.3/lib/ruby/3.4.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1407:in 'Array#each'
12    from /opt/homebrew/Cellar/ruby/3.4.3/lib/ruby/3.4.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1407:in 'Gem::Specification#activate_dependencies'
13    from /opt/homebrew/Cellar/ruby/3.4.3/lib/ruby/3.4.0/rubygems/specification.rb:1389:in 'Gem::Specification#activate'
14    from /opt/homebrew/Cellar/ruby/3.4.3/lib/ruby/3.4.0/rubygems.rb:290:in 'block in Gem.activate_bin_path'
15    from /opt/homebrew/Cellar/ruby/3.4.3/lib/ruby/3.4.0/rubygems.rb:289:in 'Thread::Mutex#synchronize'
16    from /opt/homebrew/Cellar/ruby/3.4.3/lib/ruby/3.4.0/rubygems.rb:289:in 'Gem.activate_bin_path'
17    from /Users/xxxx/repo/ruby/gem/bin/pod:25:in '<main>'

尝试安装 nkf 终于解决了 cocoapods 的安装问题

1/opt/homebrew/Cellar/ruby/3.4.3/bin/gem install nkf -V

~/.bashrc 配置

1alias flutter='flutter --no-version-check'
2export PUB_HOSTED_URL=https://pub.flutter-io.cn
3export FLUTTER_STORAGE_BASE_URL=https://storage.flutter-io.cn
4export PATH=$HOME/repo/flutter/bin:$PATH

如果需要使用 fvm

安装
```
1dart pub global activate fvm
```
卸载
```
1dart pub global deactivate fvm
```

~/.bashrc 配置

1export FVM_CACHE_PATH=$HOME/repo/flutter/fvm

查看可使用的版本
```
1fvm releases
```
切换版本在flutter项目下执行
```
1fvm use 3.39.3
2fvm use 3.38.10
```

设置全局版本

1fvm global 3.29.3

然后修改 .bashrc

1export PATH=$HOME/repo/flutter/fvm/default/bin:$PATH

Node

1brew install node

~/.bashrc配置

1export NODE_PATH=$HOME/repo/npm/lib/node_modules
2export PATH=$HOME/repo/npm/bin:$PATH

开发依赖:

1npm install -g yarn
2npm install -g pnpm
3npm install -g typescript-language-server typescript
4npm install -g @vue/language-server
5npm install -g @tailwindcss/language-server
6npm install -g emmet-ls
7npm install -g prettier
8npm install -g js-beautify

设置 pnpm 缓存路径，注意: pnpm 配置文件存储在 ~/Library/Preferences/pnpm/rc

1pnpm config set store-dir ~/repo/pnpm

其它:

1npm install -g @quasar/cli

Rust

1brew install rustup
2rustup-init

~/.bashrc配置

1export CARGO_HOME=$HOME/repo/rust/cargo
2export CARGO_TARGET_DIR=$HOME/repo/rust/cargo/build
3
4export RUSTUP_HOME=$HOME/repo/rust/rustup
5export RUSTUP_DIST_SERVER=https://rsproxy.cn
6export RUSTUP_UPDATE_ROOT=https://rsproxy.cn/rustup
7
8export PATH=$HOME/repo/rust/cargo/bin:$PATH

AI软件

opencode

1- brew install opencode
2+ brew install anomalyco/tap/opencode

如果安装时报错

1It seems that your package manager failed to install the right version of the opencode CLI for your platform. You can try manually installing the "opencode-darwin-arm64" package

则可以使用 npm install -g opencode-ai

桌面版本

1brew install --cask opencode-desktop

claude-code
```
1brew install claude-code --cask
```
trae
```
1brew install trae --cask
```

codex

1brew install codex --cask
2brew install codex-app --cask